Forced air system PCB Tutorial With Its Working and Repair

Have you at any point thought about what’s happening in the internal side of your Air Conditioners? On the off chance that Yes, you ought to go through this Article as today I will give knowledge into the associations and the parts that drive our Air Conditioners. Check online AC Indoor Unit Parts in India.

We will take a gander at the block graph of the Indoor and Outdoor units of the Air Conditioner and after that we will examine about the parts present on the PCB of the Indoor Unit as the Smart work is all finished there as it were.

So we should hop straight into it.

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Stage 2: Working of an AC

A forced air system gathers hot air from a given space, processes it inside itself with the assistance of a refrigerant, and a lot of loops and afterward sets cool air into a similar space free from where the hot air had initially been gathered. This is basically how all climate control systems work.

At the point when you switch an AC on and set your ideal temperature (say, 20 degrees Celsius), the room temperature sensor introduced in it detects that there is a distinction in the temperature of the room’s air and the temperature that you’ve picked.

This warm air is attracted through a grille on the indoor unit, which then, at that point, streams over certain lines which are otherwise called curls through which the refrigerant is streaming. The refrigerant fluid ingests the intensity and turns into a hot gas itself. This is the way heat is taken out from the air that falls on the evaporator loops. Note that the evaporator curl retains heat as well as wrings out dampness from the approaching air, which helps in dehumidifying the room.

This hot refrigerant gas is then given to the blower (inside the outside unit). Being consistent with its name, the blower packs the gas so it becomes hot since compacting a gas builds its temperature. This hot, high-pressure gas then goes to the third part – the condenser which consolidates the hot gas so it turns into a fluid. The refrigerant arrives at the condenser as hot gas however rapidly turns into a cooler fluid on the grounds that the intensity of the ‘hot gas’ is disseminated to the environmental elements through metal balances. Thus, as the refrigerant leaves the condenser, it loses its intensity and turns into a cooler fluid. This courses through an extension valve – a small opening in the framework’s copper tubing – which controls the progression of cool fluid refrigerant into the evaporator, so the refrigerant shows up where its process begun.

The whole cycle is rehashed again and again until the ideal temperature is accomplished. Basically, an AC unit continues attracting warm air and removing it back into the room until there’s not any more warm air left to cool.

Stage 3: Components of the AC Indoor Unit

A portion of the primary parts inside an AC Indoor Unit separated from the PCB are:-

1) Blower Unit:-

It is a blower fan that turns so that from one end it takes the hot air inside and from the opposite end it conveys the cooled air. In this unit other than a blower there is an engine too which is expected to run this blower fan. It is an empty round and hollow line kind of thing whose capability is to send cool air outside.

2) Cooling loops:-

Over the Blower Unit, there is the primary part that is answerable for cooling the air before it is conveyed. In this unit what happens is that there are thin lines present from which the cooled gas coming from the Compressor constantly passes as the hot air approaches these lines its intensity and moistness are consumed by this curl and the air is cooled which is sent external by the blower fan. Over the curls, radiators are likewise present for more straightforward transmission of intensity.

Stage 4: Driving Components on Indoor Unit PCB

At the point when we come to the hardware of the Indoor unit of the Air Conditioners the principal parts that are seen on that are:-

1) Wiring:

There are three wires coming to within the Indoor unit these are for Live, Neutral, and Earth. The capacity to both the Indoor as well as Outdoor Units is given through these wires as there is no immediate power supply to the outside unit.

2) Fan Capacitor:

Presently as we are inside the Indoor unit there is a fan that blows in and out hot and cool air separately from the Indoor Unit and to drive that fan’s engine this Fan Capacitor is required. Round chamber molded double run capacitors are generally utilized here, to assist in the beginning of the blower and the condenser with fanning engine whose capacitance esteem is somewhere near 2 uF.

3) Microcontrollers:

These are the parts that go about as the cerebrum of the Air Conditioner these are the dynamic unit or we can likewise say the controlling unit which controls the running of engines and the power move and so on. Aside from that, these are the parts that are liable for turning the blower ON and OFF as per the temperature readings.

4) Temperature Sensors:

There are two sensors present inside the Indoor unit of AC these two sensors are for detecting the temperature of the room and for detecting the temperature of the loop. As per the temperature detected by these two sensors and the temperature which is set by the client the microcontroller pursues the choice that whether the Compressor should be turned ON or OFF

5) Power Supply Unit:

From the Wiring that we referenced before enters a voltage of 220V AC however the Microcontroller works on DC Voltage that also having a lower greatness that is the reason we want to give this unit which takes the Input AC Voltage of high extent and converts into a DC Voltage of lower size and supplies it to the Microcontroller.

6) Relay:

Aside from this large number of parts, there is a Power Relay that interfaces the Indoor Unit to the Outdoor Unit and goes about as an in the middle of between these two which concludes whether the Compressor on the Outdoor unit will be turned ON or OFF.

These were the primary parts on the PCB of AC Indoor Unit separated from these a few additional significant parts are Explosion evidence Varistor, The Display, and IR Reciever Assembly which shows the temperature set by the client and furthermore gets the orders sent by the IR remote. There is a servo engine too which is there to move the cutting edge of the AC to control the bearing of wind current.

Stage 5: Components of Outdoor Unit

Coming to the Outdoor Unit of the Air Conditioner there is no PCB as such in the Outdoor Unit as the Smart Work is all finished inside the Indoor Unit of the AC. In any case, there are a few COmponents inside this which are as per the following:-

1) Compressor:

The blower is the main piece of any forced air system. It packs the refrigerant and expands its strain prior to sending it to the condenser. The size of the blower shifts relying upon the ideal cooling load. In the majority of the homegrown split climate control systems airtight fixed kind of blower is utilized. In such blowers, the engine utilized for driving the shaft is situated inside the fixed unit and it isn’t noticeable remotely.

2) Condenser:

The condenser utilized in the open air unit of parted climate control systems is the snaked copper tubing with at least one lines relying upon the size of the cooling unit and the blower. More prominent the weight of the forced air system and the blower more are the loop turns and lines. The high temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the blower come in the condenser where it needs to surrender the intensity. The tubing is comprised of copper since its pace of conduction of intensity is high. The condenser is likewise covered with the aluminum balances so the intensity from the refrigerant can be taken out at a quicker rate.

3) Condenser Cooling Fan:

The intensity produced inside the blower must be tossed out else the blower will get too hot over the long haul and its engine curls will consume prompting a total breakdown of the blower and the entire climate control system. Further, the refrigerant inside the condenser loop must be cooled so after development its temperature turns out to be sufficiently low to deliver the cooling result and this task is finished by the condenser cooling fan which is a common fan with three or four cutting edges and is driven by an engine. The cooling fan is situated before the blower and the condenser loop. As the cutting edges of the fan turn it ingests the encompassing air from the open space and blows it over the blower and the condenser with the aluminum balances hence cooling them.

4) Start Capacitor:

The Capacitor is basically expected to begin the blower or we can say start the blower. It is by and large a lower esteem capacitor in contrast with the Running capacitor which we will examine soon. Its Capacitance esteem is somewhere near 3uF.

5) Running Capacitor:

As the blower is begun with the assistance of start Capacitor. It is then expected to keep that blower running for that very reason. We want a capacitor which is relatively greater in size as well as Value. Its worth is somewhere near 35 uF.

Stage 6: Some Common Problems Occurring in Air Conditioners

1) Motor Running Capacitor brushes off:-

In this present circumstance what happens is that the Fan Capacitor. Which is answerable for running the engine of the blower Fan present in the Indoor Unit. This is passed over because of which the blower of the AC doesn’t starts or moves. Gradually because of which it can’t through air and thus does no cooling.

2) Start Capacitor inside the Outdoor unit brushes off:-

For this situation, the beginning capacitor what begins the blower is either caught fire or not works as expected